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List of Contributors. Overview. Pharmaceutical policies in European countries. International experience with comparative effectiveness research: Case studies from England/Wales and Germany. Pharmaceutical policy in the Netherlands: From price regulation towards managed competition. Impact of pharmaceutical regulation and policies on health system performance goals in Israel. Global budgets and provider incentives: Hospitals’ drug expenditures in Taiwan. Medicare Part D turns four: Trends in plan design, enrollment, and the impact of the program on beneficiaries. Does prescription drug adherence reduce hospitalizations and costs? The case of diabetes. cost sharing, benefit design, and adherence: The case of multiple sclerosis. Generic utilization and cost-sharing for prescription drugs. Drug prices, out-of-pocket payments, and insurer costs: How do payers vary?. Adverse selection and the effect of health insurance on utilization of prescribed medicine among patients with chronic conditions. The effect of drug vintage on survival: Micro evidence from Puerto Rico's Medicaid program. Retail pharmacy market structure and insurer-independent pharmacy bargaining in the medicare part D era. Patents, innovation, and the welfare effects of Medicare Part D. Advances in health economics and health services research. Pharmaceutical Markets and Insurance Worldwide. Copyright page.