Designers’ Guide to EN 1994-1-1: 2026

Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures: Part 1.1: General rules and rules for buildings

Roger P. Johnson|Stephen J. Hicks

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30 November 2025

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Description
Contents
About

This third edition of Designers’ Guide to Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures – EN 1994-1-1 provides comprehensive guidance in the form of design aids, indications for the most convenient design procedures and worked examples to Eurocode 4.

It reveals how to deal with problems that can arise in applying the code and offers background information and references to enable users of the code to understand the origin and objectives of its provision.

This new edition has been fully revised for changes in materials and products, problems that have arisen with interpretation, and response to questions from industry on unfamiliar methods. Brand new topics covered include shallow-floor construction and use of precast concrete in floors, whilst composite structures and shear connections are overhauled.

This book will cover:

terms, definitions and symbols
basis of design
materials
durability
structural analysis
ultimate limit states
serviceability limit states
composite slabs with profiled steel sheeting for buildings composite joints in frames for buildings.

With the text following closely the sequence of clauses in the Eurocode and with clause numbers in the margin for quick reference, this book will be an essential read for civil and structural engineers, code-drafting committees, clients, structural-design students and public authorities.

Contents

Preface to the third edition
Objectives of this guide
Layout of this guide
Acknowledgements
Chapter 0 Introduction
0.1 Introduction to the Eurocodes
0.2 and 0.3 Introduction to EN 1994 (all parts) and to EN 1994-1-1
0.4 Verbal forms used in the Eurocodes
0.5 National Annex for EN 1994-1-1
Chapter 1 Scope
1.1 Scope of EN 1994-1-1
1.2 Assumptions
Chapter 2 Normative references
Chapter 3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 to 3.10 Symbols Chapter
4 Basis of design
4.1 General rules
4.2 Principles of limit states design
4.3 Basic variables
4.4 Verification by the partial factor method
Chapter 5 Materials
5.1 Concrete
5.2 Reinforcing steel
5.3 Structural steel
5.4 Connecting devices
5.5 Profiled steel sheeting for composite slabs in buildings
Chapter 6 Durability
6.1 General
6.2 Profiled steel sheeting for composite slabs in buildings
Chapter 7 Structural analysis
7.1 Structural modelling for analysis
7.2 Structural stability
7.3 Imperfections
7.4 Calculation of action effects
Example 7.1: effective width of concrete flange
7.5 Classification of cross-sections
Chapter 8 Ultimate limit states
8.1 Beams
8.2 Resistances of cross-sections of beams
Example 8.1: resistance moment in hogging bending, for an effective Class 2 cross-section
8.3 Resistance of cross-sections of beams with partial encasement for buildings
8.4 Lateral-torsional buckling of composite beams
8.5 Transverse forces on webs
8.6 Shear connection
Example 8.2: comparison of two methods of prediction of PRk for a stud in sheeting
Example 8.3: trough dimensions and reduction factors for transverse sheeting
Example 8.4: transverse reinforcement for longitudinal shear
Example 8.5: partial shear connection and arrangement of shear connectors
Example 8.6: two-span beam with composite slab – ultimate limit state
8.7 Fatigue 8.8 Composite columns and composite compression members
Example 8.7: composite column with bending about one or both axes
Example 8.8: longitudinal shear outside areas of load introduction, for a composite column
Chapter 9 Serviceability limit states
9.1 General
9.2 Stresses
9.3 Deformations in buildings
9.4 Cracking of concrete
Example 9.1: two-span beam (continued) – serviceability limit states
Chapter 10 Composite slabs with profiled steel sheeting for buildings
10.1 Scope
10.2 Detailing provisions
10.3 Actions and action effects
10.4 Analysis for internal forces and moments
10.5 and 10.6 Verification of profiled steel sheeting as shuttering
10.7 Verification of composite slabs for the ultimate limit states
10.8 Verification of composite slabs for serviceability limit states
Example 10.1: two-span continuous composite slab
Example 10.2: resistance to wheel load
Chapter 11 Composite joints in frames for buildings
11.1. Scope
11.2. Analysis, modelling and Classification
11.3. Design methods
11.4. Resistance of components
Example 11.1: end-plate joints in a two-span beam in a braced frame
Chapter 12 Annex A (Informative) Stiffness of joint components in buildings
A.1. Use of this annex
A.2. Scope and field of application
A.3. Stiffness coefficients
A.4. Deformation of the shear connection
Example 12.1: elastic stiffness of an end-plate joint
Chapter 13 Annex B (Normative) Standard tests
B.1. Use of this annex
B.2. Scope and field of application
B.3. Test on shear connectors
B.3. Testing of composite floor slabs
Example 13.1: tests on composite floor slabs and use of the partial-interaction method
Chapter 14 Annex D (Normative) Composite beams with web openings
D.1. Use of this annex
D.2. Scope and field of application
D.3. Method of design
D.4. Analysis
D.5. Ultimate limit states
D.6. Serviceability limit states
Example 14.1: composite beam with web openings
Example 14.2: web opening with profiled sheeting
Chapter 15 Annex E (Informative) Composite beams with web openings and stiff slabs
E.1. Use of this annex
E.2. Scope and field of application
E.3. Effective width for local bending and shear
E.4. Analysis
E.5. Additional checks at ultimate limit states for widely spaced openings with locally stiff slabs
Example 15.1: web opening with a stiff slab
Chapter 16 Annex F (Normative). Headed studs that cause splitting forces in the direction of the slab thickness
F.1. Use of this annex
F.2. Scope and field of application
F.3. Design resistance and detailing
F.4. Fatigue strength
Example 16.1: design of lying studs
Chapter 17 Annex G (Informative) Design resistance of headed studs used with open trough profiled steel sheeting in buildings with ribs transverse to the supporting beams
G.1. Use of this annex
G.2 Scope and field of application
G.3 Shear resistance
Chapter 18 Annex H (Normative) Design tension resistance of headed studs
H.1. Use of this annex
H.2. Scope and field of application
H.3. Design tension resistance for headed studs
Example 18.1: resistance of stud connectors to direct tension
Chapter 19 Annex I (Normative) Additional Rules for shallow floor beams
I.1. Use of this annex

Roger P. Johnson is Emeritus Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Warwick and consultant to Cass Hayward LLP, Chepstow, UK. He led project teams that drafted the current EN 1994-1-1 and EN 1994-2, and worked on the recently completed EN 1994-1-102, Composite dowels. He is a current member of BSI and CEN committees for Eurocode 4. He is a gold medallist of the Institution of Structural Engineers and a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.

Stephen J. Hicks is Professor in Civil Engineering at the University of Warwick, UK. He is Chair of the CEN committee responsible for Eurocode 4 (CEN/TC 250/SC 4), and also participated on three project teams that drafted the second generation of EN 1994-1-1. He is a current member of the BSI and CEN committees for Eurocode 0, Eurocode 3 and Eurocode 4. Stephen is well known internationally for his research in steel and concrete composite structures together with floor vibrations.